Elsa Kugelberg
I am a political theorist interested in what justice requires of the way society is set up in domains that political theory has largely overlooked, including sex, digital life, dating, care work and friendship. I look at how social institutions actually function, identify what people need from them, and ask what those needs demand of the agents who shape them, whether these are states, corporations, or other organisations.
My book, under review at Oxford University Press, develops this approach for the sexual sphere. Liberals have long argued that sex is a private matter, subject at most to requirements of consent and toleration. I argue this is insufficient. The same commitments liberals apply to education, work, and public life apply here too: institutions should provide adequate opportunities, enable people to stand as equals, and not exclude anyone. The book works out what those commitments require in relation to sex and intimacy, drawing on feminist theory, sociology, computer science, and cases ranging from online dating to demographic change.
A second strand of my research examines what happens when tech firms enter social institutions. Dating apps have restructured how people meet partners. Autonomous vehicles will likely transform how people move through shared public space. AI companions are beginning to replace human participants in friendships, therapy and intimate relationships. In each case, firms acquire forms of power that existing political and regulatory frameworks were not designed to address. I develop the concepts needed to understand and evaluate these new configurations of power.
A third strand concerns how social change affects what we can expect of people and institutions. Social norms shape what options people can see, what choices are costly, and what plans are feasible. When norms shift through technological disruption, public health crises, or cultural transformation, the terms on which people's situations should be assessed shift as well. This work explores how a commitment to justice should respond to these changes.
I received my DPhil (PhD) in Politics from the University of Oxford in November 2023. My dissertation, Just Sex, was awarded the Oxford DPIR’s 2023–24 prize for the best doctoral thesis in Political Theory. My doctoral research was supervised by Zofia Stemplowska and Jonathan Wolff and generously funded by the United Kingdom Arts and Humanities Research Council. In addition to the University of Oxford, I was trained at Stanford University's Center for Ethics in Society, London School of Economics's Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method (MSc Philosophy and Public Policy), and Uppsala Universitet (BSocSci Politics and Law). I spent the year 2025 on parental leave.
I have previously worked as an editor at a publishing house focused on philosophy and popular science. Before that, I was a speech writer and a political advisor on foreign affairs, EU affairs, and defence policy in the Swedish parliament. Since 2013, I regularly write (essays, columns and critique) for Scandinavia's largest morning daily, Dagens Nyheter.
I am a research afflifiate of the Machine Intelligence and Normative Theory Lab at Australian National University and the Ethical Dating Online interdisciplinary research network.
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E: elsa.kugelberg@nuffield.ox.ac.uk
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Nuffield College
Oxford
OX1 1NF -
Personal website